Citation:
Hassan Al Kontar. (2019, June 23). [@Kontar81]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Kontar81/status/1142818888326848512
Summary:
The tweet shows a picture of a poster on burial in Arabic language in Lebanon. Al Kontar translates the quote literally to show the pure discrimination against Syrians in Lebanon.
Analysis:
This tweet is posted by a Syrian refugee Hasan Kontar with 16k followers on Twitter. He is famous as “the man from the airport” after spending months living in the Kuala Lumpur International airport. He now promises to shed lights on the discrimination faced by Syrian refugees around the world. This tweet can be believed by a group of people based on his past, identity, and the goal he wants to achieve. He posted a picture of a big poster in front of a graveyard in Lebanon in Arabic language, translating it literally in English. This shows that he wants to let non-Arabic speakers to know about this discriminatory act against dead Syrian refugees, but he does not mention where exactly the burial is located. He also does not mention the source of this picture. These might question his honesty regarding this picture. He also posted this tweet on 2019. This tweet might let us think if the person responsible for the poster removed it, or not after tweeting it. People might not go back to this tweet as an evidence of discrimination against Syrians, since there is no source for the picture, the name of the cemetery, and the tweet is older than 3 years. Moreover, he sarcastically congratulated them in unlocking a new level of hatred. This had been done to capture the audience on how serious the problem of discrimination is and how it is evolving to dead Syrian bodies instead of being tackled and limited to the alive ones.
Kontar depended heavily on pathos to persuade the twitter users. He tried to get the audience to feel and have empathy towards the Syrian refugees in Lebanon. The multiple exclamation marks "!!!" he used to express his anger and let the readers to read with an high and angry tone. Kontar might have not convinced the twitter users about his tweet due to lack of credibility, but he tried to deliver his feelings, anger and shock to them.
Furthermore, some people replied to his tweet with other acts and posters that show the discrimination against Syrian refugees in Lebanon. People were encouraged to interact about the discrimination and add more real-life examples. A Canadian woman replied to this tweet, which shows his tweet arrived to the Western World.
Hassan Al Kontar. (2019, June 23). [@Kontar81]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Kontar81/status/1142818888326848512
Summary:
The tweet shows a picture of a poster on burial in Arabic language in Lebanon. Al Kontar translates the quote literally to show the pure discrimination against Syrians in Lebanon.
Analysis:
This tweet is posted by a Syrian refugee Hasan Kontar with 16k followers on Twitter. He is famous as “the man from the airport” after spending months living in the Kuala Lumpur International airport. He now promises to shed lights on the discrimination faced by Syrian refugees around the world. This tweet can be believed by a group of people based on his past, identity, and the goal he wants to achieve. He posted a picture of a big poster in front of a graveyard in Lebanon in Arabic language, translating it literally in English. This shows that he wants to let non-Arabic speakers to know about this discriminatory act against dead Syrian refugees, but he does not mention where exactly the burial is located. He also does not mention the source of this picture. These might question his honesty regarding this picture. He also posted this tweet on 2019. This tweet might let us think if the person responsible for the poster removed it, or not after tweeting it. People might not go back to this tweet as an evidence of discrimination against Syrians, since there is no source for the picture, the name of the cemetery, and the tweet is older than 3 years. Moreover, he sarcastically congratulated them in unlocking a new level of hatred. This had been done to capture the audience on how serious the problem of discrimination is and how it is evolving to dead Syrian bodies instead of being tackled and limited to the alive ones.
Kontar depended heavily on pathos to persuade the twitter users. He tried to get the audience to feel and have empathy towards the Syrian refugees in Lebanon. The multiple exclamation marks "!!!" he used to express his anger and let the readers to read with an high and angry tone. Kontar might have not convinced the twitter users about his tweet due to lack of credibility, but he tried to deliver his feelings, anger and shock to them.
Furthermore, some people replied to his tweet with other acts and posters that show the discrimination against Syrian refugees in Lebanon. People were encouraged to interact about the discrimination and add more real-life examples. A Canadian woman replied to this tweet, which shows his tweet arrived to the Western World.
Citation:
Unicef. (2021, September 29). UN: Syrian Refugees in Lebanon Struggle to Survive Amid Worst Socio- economic Crisis in Decades [Press release]. https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/press-releases/un-syrian-refugees-lebanon-struggle-survive-amid-worst-socio-economic-crisis-decades
Summary:
The article by the non-governmental organization, UNICEF, talks about the situation of Lebanon and its detriments on both Syrian refugees and Lebanon. It states the lack of hygiene, extreme poverty, and high-risk jobs. It also elaborates on how some organizations focus on Syrian refugees, but they focus one everyone. UNICEF tells us that it has future plans to help in tackling the economic crisis.
Analysis:
The article started by showing how concern they are towards the situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, and how every humanitarian aid organization is concerned towards it. As can be seen, all the facts and statics mentioned came with the source itself, but they did not put the references or the links for the information at the end. This in fact destroyed the reputation of credibility they are trying to offer.
Furthermore, UNICEF tried to show they are not only worried for the refugees in Lebanon, but also for the Lebanese citizens. They elaborated that the loss of currency to “85 per cent of its value”, but they also showed that the refugees are facing a threat towards the future, since they are a second-class in the country.
Even though they showed some support towards Lebanese citizens, they only stated statistics and facts about Syrian refugee families. For example, “49 percent of Syrian refugee families were food insecure” , “WFP helping more than 1.1 million Syrian refugees”, “27,825 Syrian refugee children engaged in child labor.” Therefore, they failed to deliver the message that they are also concerned about Lebanese citizens.
Eventually, they mentioned that they are helping Syrian refugee along with UNHCR and WFP “by providing lifesaving assistance to vulnerable Lebanese communities to help the Syrian refugees cope with the challenging situation”. What does “lifesaving assistance” mean? Is it financial aid? Psychological help? Unicef must have mentioned details on what they will do instead of saying they will be solving the problem. Proofs must have been added to be more reliable and credible about their urge to help.
It ends with a general description of what unicef job is. It mentioned that it works with 190 countries to show how worldwide they are and that they are spread everywhere. It also mentions their objective of helping every child by giving them a better world. They also put their website and social media pages to be alarmed of their news and their work.
Logos was mainly used in this article. Unicef made a clear and logical idea among the struggles Syrians are facing. They heavily included statistics and facts to deliver the situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. They then used a brief description about them to show how much they are credible and spread around the world.
When unicef ended by their objective and how spread they are, it created a trust-worthy environment with the readers. It can encourage the readers to collaborate with them by donating or spread their reputation.
Unicef. (2021, September 29). UN: Syrian Refugees in Lebanon Struggle to Survive Amid Worst Socio- economic Crisis in Decades [Press release]. https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/press-releases/un-syrian-refugees-lebanon-struggle-survive-amid-worst-socio-economic-crisis-decades
Summary:
The article by the non-governmental organization, UNICEF, talks about the situation of Lebanon and its detriments on both Syrian refugees and Lebanon. It states the lack of hygiene, extreme poverty, and high-risk jobs. It also elaborates on how some organizations focus on Syrian refugees, but they focus one everyone. UNICEF tells us that it has future plans to help in tackling the economic crisis.
Analysis:
The article started by showing how concern they are towards the situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, and how every humanitarian aid organization is concerned towards it. As can be seen, all the facts and statics mentioned came with the source itself, but they did not put the references or the links for the information at the end. This in fact destroyed the reputation of credibility they are trying to offer.
Furthermore, UNICEF tried to show they are not only worried for the refugees in Lebanon, but also for the Lebanese citizens. They elaborated that the loss of currency to “85 per cent of its value”, but they also showed that the refugees are facing a threat towards the future, since they are a second-class in the country.
Even though they showed some support towards Lebanese citizens, they only stated statistics and facts about Syrian refugee families. For example, “49 percent of Syrian refugee families were food insecure” , “WFP helping more than 1.1 million Syrian refugees”, “27,825 Syrian refugee children engaged in child labor.” Therefore, they failed to deliver the message that they are also concerned about Lebanese citizens.
Eventually, they mentioned that they are helping Syrian refugee along with UNHCR and WFP “by providing lifesaving assistance to vulnerable Lebanese communities to help the Syrian refugees cope with the challenging situation”. What does “lifesaving assistance” mean? Is it financial aid? Psychological help? Unicef must have mentioned details on what they will do instead of saying they will be solving the problem. Proofs must have been added to be more reliable and credible about their urge to help.
It ends with a general description of what unicef job is. It mentioned that it works with 190 countries to show how worldwide they are and that they are spread everywhere. It also mentions their objective of helping every child by giving them a better world. They also put their website and social media pages to be alarmed of their news and their work.
Logos was mainly used in this article. Unicef made a clear and logical idea among the struggles Syrians are facing. They heavily included statistics and facts to deliver the situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. They then used a brief description about them to show how much they are credible and spread around the world.
When unicef ended by their objective and how spread they are, it created a trust-worthy environment with the readers. It can encourage the readers to collaborate with them by donating or spread their reputation.
Citation:
Vohra, A. (2021, March 19). Syrian refugees’ plight in Lebanon 10 years after the uprising. Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 1, 2022, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/19/syrian-refugees-in-lebanon-ten-years-after-the-uprising
Summary:
The news article talks about the situation of Syrian refugees after the blast in Beirut. They elaborate that even after the devastating explosion, Lebanese citizens did not have any empathy towards them regardless of being hurt as much as them during and after the explosion. They illustrate how Syrian refugees were deprived from the aid received from humanitarian organization, and how Syrians are facing discrimination when working in cleaning the after explosion.
Analysis:
The news article started with a picture of Ahmed Staifi standing in front his damaged home where his wife and two daughters were killed, with a reference. This shows that Syrian refugees got hurt and affected by Beirut’s explosion. Not only this, but also that the photo is credible and reliable since the photographer’s name is mentioned.
The news article explains that Syrians work “10-hour shift and yet barely earns 5$ a day”. He elaborates on Rehman’s situation that he cannot buy food. The quotes of Rehman’s are mentioned, but the readers are not able to see his face or a video of him to be more believable.
He also explained that the Syrian refugees’ education is worthless, since they end up working in cleaning and constructional services. They also must drop out from school to work, increasing the child labor cases in return. Moreover, the begging for money on streets increased along with the child marriage. Statistics are stated to prove the reality behind this tragic information. Some facts are taken from UNHCR, which often studies the statistics of Syrian refugees living in a bad environment, and also UNHCR is a popular humanitarian aid agency, part of UN, that helps the displaced refugees and stateless people. This made the facts more reliable and believable.
Syrian refugees also compared what happened after Lebanese civil war to what happened after the blast. Syrians both helped in rebuilding the country/city, but they received discrimination anyways. “the Lebanese saw them with suspicion because of the Syrian regime’s presence on the ground.” The writer then explains that they had to show their ID when going to supermarkets, since they do not have the right to buy subsided food items even if the subsided food were for them. They were only for Lebanese, ignoring the fact that Syrians struggled after the blast too.
Finally, she ends it by stating that Syrian refugees cannot go back to their country stating that its condition is worse than the Lebanese one. Statics and proofs are not written, making readers questioning the reality behind it.
Several videos are attached that explain each new term to the users. For example, they explained The Arab Spring of Syria that is not a popular term to most of the readers. They heavily depended on pathos through mentioning quotes, anecdotes and story video "War Followed me Here": Syrian Refugees on Beirut Blast". Negative emotions grow in the readers' emotions through reading the "real-life" stories and quotation of a Syrian refugee's struggle after Beirut blast.
Vohra, A. (2021, March 19). Syrian refugees’ plight in Lebanon 10 years after the uprising. Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 1, 2022, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/19/syrian-refugees-in-lebanon-ten-years-after-the-uprising
Summary:
The news article talks about the situation of Syrian refugees after the blast in Beirut. They elaborate that even after the devastating explosion, Lebanese citizens did not have any empathy towards them regardless of being hurt as much as them during and after the explosion. They illustrate how Syrian refugees were deprived from the aid received from humanitarian organization, and how Syrians are facing discrimination when working in cleaning the after explosion.
Analysis:
The news article started with a picture of Ahmed Staifi standing in front his damaged home where his wife and two daughters were killed, with a reference. This shows that Syrian refugees got hurt and affected by Beirut’s explosion. Not only this, but also that the photo is credible and reliable since the photographer’s name is mentioned.
The news article explains that Syrians work “10-hour shift and yet barely earns 5$ a day”. He elaborates on Rehman’s situation that he cannot buy food. The quotes of Rehman’s are mentioned, but the readers are not able to see his face or a video of him to be more believable.
He also explained that the Syrian refugees’ education is worthless, since they end up working in cleaning and constructional services. They also must drop out from school to work, increasing the child labor cases in return. Moreover, the begging for money on streets increased along with the child marriage. Statistics are stated to prove the reality behind this tragic information. Some facts are taken from UNHCR, which often studies the statistics of Syrian refugees living in a bad environment, and also UNHCR is a popular humanitarian aid agency, part of UN, that helps the displaced refugees and stateless people. This made the facts more reliable and believable.
Syrian refugees also compared what happened after Lebanese civil war to what happened after the blast. Syrians both helped in rebuilding the country/city, but they received discrimination anyways. “the Lebanese saw them with suspicion because of the Syrian regime’s presence on the ground.” The writer then explains that they had to show their ID when going to supermarkets, since they do not have the right to buy subsided food items even if the subsided food were for them. They were only for Lebanese, ignoring the fact that Syrians struggled after the blast too.
Finally, she ends it by stating that Syrian refugees cannot go back to their country stating that its condition is worse than the Lebanese one. Statics and proofs are not written, making readers questioning the reality behind it.
Several videos are attached that explain each new term to the users. For example, they explained The Arab Spring of Syria that is not a popular term to most of the readers. They heavily depended on pathos through mentioning quotes, anecdotes and story video "War Followed me Here": Syrian Refugees on Beirut Blast". Negative emotions grow in the readers' emotions through reading the "real-life" stories and quotation of a Syrian refugee's struggle after Beirut blast.
Citation:
Azimov, K. (2022). The Situation of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: Challenges and Prospects. Russia and the Moslem World, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.31249/rmw/2022.01.07
Summary:
This scholarly article talks about the challenges and prospects of Syrian refugees in Lebanon towards the permanent economic crisis of Lebanon. It also discusses the hatred of Lebanese people and politicians towards Syrian refugees and blaming them for the crisis. This article argues whether it is safe to go back to Syria, or if it is just a choice.
Analysis:
The scholarly article started with a tragic incident in Lebanon, burning a Syrian refugee camp in Northern Lebanon. This is used to catch the attention of the readers and to acknowledge how serious the discrimination against Syrian refugees is serious in Lebanon.
The paper was published on January, 2022. This indicates that the statistics and information will be new. It will also show that until now the discrimination against Syrian refugees in Lebanon exists.
First, he states the problems of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. They suffer from extreme poverty since they are only offered jobs in cleaning and agricultural services. Health crisis severely affected Syrian refugees. Their inability to learn, since they are not *priority* students as the Lebanese. He first included the problems of Syrians to grow some empathy in the readers that even though they are living like this, they are still facing racism.
Lebanon has the highest number of refugees per 1000 citizens. Minister of Social Affairs Rashid Derbas created first camps in northern Lebanon after refusing to accept the Syrian refugees because of the last experience with the Palestinians. This can be concluded that the past events influenced the discrimination against Syrian refugees, as if they do not want to re-live what happened when Palestinians firstly came to Lebanon. Seeing the fact that Lebanese and Palestinians are now living with a minimum amount of disrimination among them, they still did not consider this thing might happen to the Syrians if they stayed for a longer time. They only considered the situation when Palestinians first cam to Lebanon 70 years ago and not the current situation.
Lebanon refused to recognize the registration of Syrian citizens issued by UNHCR. They also forced them to have a visa before entering Lebanon in order to lessen the number of these Syrian refugees. This indicates that the discrimination against these Syrian refugees started before them entering the country. However, these strict measures ended up with 75% of Syrian refugees being illegal. These illegal refugees have to work with less than a minimum wage since they do not own a labour permit. Also, if they were caught, they are departed back to Syria. This in fact destroyed the economic and social situation in Lebanon. Child labor increased and the jobs for Lebanese is reduced since greedy employers will tend to employ employees who accept a minimum wage. Also, Lebanese citizens’ nature do not accept to work in cleaning service or a minimum wage even under hard conditions. The author tried to show that the Lebanese government's measures is affecting them back instead of helping them. Their discriminatory acts are not limiting the problems of the refugees, but they are having social and economic issues. The use of a lot of statistic showed the article was dependent on logos.
The scholarly article ended up with a survey whether Syrian refugees want to return to Syria or not. According to the results, Syrians are afraid to return back home and finding their home destroyed. This survey did not include numbers or statistics to rely on them. It only said “third of respondents” making it hard to believe by the people. They did not even mention how many respondents there were to predict the number of whom said they are afraid. They also did not mention the other reasons of the refugees.
Almost every fact and statistics was paraphrased from different sources making it credible. However, survey was the only thing that did not contain any detailed information and/or numbers. For example, in what area was the survey held? How many respondents are there?
Azimov, K. (2022). The Situation of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: Challenges and Prospects. Russia and the Moslem World, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.31249/rmw/2022.01.07
Summary:
This scholarly article talks about the challenges and prospects of Syrian refugees in Lebanon towards the permanent economic crisis of Lebanon. It also discusses the hatred of Lebanese people and politicians towards Syrian refugees and blaming them for the crisis. This article argues whether it is safe to go back to Syria, or if it is just a choice.
Analysis:
The scholarly article started with a tragic incident in Lebanon, burning a Syrian refugee camp in Northern Lebanon. This is used to catch the attention of the readers and to acknowledge how serious the discrimination against Syrian refugees is serious in Lebanon.
The paper was published on January, 2022. This indicates that the statistics and information will be new. It will also show that until now the discrimination against Syrian refugees in Lebanon exists.
First, he states the problems of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. They suffer from extreme poverty since they are only offered jobs in cleaning and agricultural services. Health crisis severely affected Syrian refugees. Their inability to learn, since they are not *priority* students as the Lebanese. He first included the problems of Syrians to grow some empathy in the readers that even though they are living like this, they are still facing racism.
Lebanon has the highest number of refugees per 1000 citizens. Minister of Social Affairs Rashid Derbas created first camps in northern Lebanon after refusing to accept the Syrian refugees because of the last experience with the Palestinians. This can be concluded that the past events influenced the discrimination against Syrian refugees, as if they do not want to re-live what happened when Palestinians firstly came to Lebanon. Seeing the fact that Lebanese and Palestinians are now living with a minimum amount of disrimination among them, they still did not consider this thing might happen to the Syrians if they stayed for a longer time. They only considered the situation when Palestinians first cam to Lebanon 70 years ago and not the current situation.
Lebanon refused to recognize the registration of Syrian citizens issued by UNHCR. They also forced them to have a visa before entering Lebanon in order to lessen the number of these Syrian refugees. This indicates that the discrimination against these Syrian refugees started before them entering the country. However, these strict measures ended up with 75% of Syrian refugees being illegal. These illegal refugees have to work with less than a minimum wage since they do not own a labour permit. Also, if they were caught, they are departed back to Syria. This in fact destroyed the economic and social situation in Lebanon. Child labor increased and the jobs for Lebanese is reduced since greedy employers will tend to employ employees who accept a minimum wage. Also, Lebanese citizens’ nature do not accept to work in cleaning service or a minimum wage even under hard conditions. The author tried to show that the Lebanese government's measures is affecting them back instead of helping them. Their discriminatory acts are not limiting the problems of the refugees, but they are having social and economic issues. The use of a lot of statistic showed the article was dependent on logos.
The scholarly article ended up with a survey whether Syrian refugees want to return to Syria or not. According to the results, Syrians are afraid to return back home and finding their home destroyed. This survey did not include numbers or statistics to rely on them. It only said “third of respondents” making it hard to believe by the people. They did not even mention how many respondents there were to predict the number of whom said they are afraid. They also did not mention the other reasons of the refugees.
Almost every fact and statistics was paraphrased from different sources making it credible. However, survey was the only thing that did not contain any detailed information and/or numbers. For example, in what area was the survey held? How many respondents are there?
Synthesis:
All sources agree that the discrimination against Syrian refugees widely exists. They also elaborate on nearly the same discrimination regardless of the publish date. This is evident that the discrimination has been going against them since the beginning of Syrian civil war. The news article says that the humanitarian aid given to Syrians are not being received by them, but by Lebanese. It also talks about the discrimination faced against them in the worst scenarios, after the explosion in Lebanon.
Every source discussed different kinds of discrimination against Syrian refugees. This shows that the discrimination against them cannot be limited in one source. Every website wishes the discrimination to be minimized, but it always goes in a failure.
As a person who lived in Lebanon the entire life, I was not aware of the discrimination against dead Syrian refugees. I always thought that they can be buried as other citizens in Lebanon. After analyzing the article of Unicef, I realized it is not that reliable. They make fake hopes without mentioning their detailed plans. They do not mention proofs of how much they gave to who, when and where. Unicef might have helped a lot of refugees, but we are still not sure to what level or how they spend the donations they receive. Similarly, Al Jazeera, despite its popular reputation, they did not that the person narrating their suffer was real or not. There were no videos or interviews or a picture of the narrator. They only quoted what he said.
The scholarly article is useful for the factual information, statistics and the sources they used. At the same time, the news article and social media poster depend heavily on the voices of the Syrian refugees who suffer daily from discrimination. The non-governmental website exaggerated on their future plans and lifesaving assistance without mentioning how.
All sources agree that the discrimination against Syrian refugees widely exists. They also elaborate on nearly the same discrimination regardless of the publish date. This is evident that the discrimination has been going against them since the beginning of Syrian civil war. The news article says that the humanitarian aid given to Syrians are not being received by them, but by Lebanese. It also talks about the discrimination faced against them in the worst scenarios, after the explosion in Lebanon.
Every source discussed different kinds of discrimination against Syrian refugees. This shows that the discrimination against them cannot be limited in one source. Every website wishes the discrimination to be minimized, but it always goes in a failure.
As a person who lived in Lebanon the entire life, I was not aware of the discrimination against dead Syrian refugees. I always thought that they can be buried as other citizens in Lebanon. After analyzing the article of Unicef, I realized it is not that reliable. They make fake hopes without mentioning their detailed plans. They do not mention proofs of how much they gave to who, when and where. Unicef might have helped a lot of refugees, but we are still not sure to what level or how they spend the donations they receive. Similarly, Al Jazeera, despite its popular reputation, they did not that the person narrating their suffer was real or not. There were no videos or interviews or a picture of the narrator. They only quoted what he said.
The scholarly article is useful for the factual information, statistics and the sources they used. At the same time, the news article and social media poster depend heavily on the voices of the Syrian refugees who suffer daily from discrimination. The non-governmental website exaggerated on their future plans and lifesaving assistance without mentioning how.